SUBSTRING (Transact-SQL). 5 minutes to read.In this articleAPPLIES TO: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure Synapse Analytics (SQL DW) Parallel Data WarehouseReturns part of a character, binary, text, or image expression in SQL Server.Syntax SUBSTRING ( expression,start, length )ArgumentsexpressionIs a character, binary, text, ntext, or image.startIs an integer or bigint expression that specifies where the returned characters start. (The numbering is 1 based, meaning that the first character in the expression is 1). If start is less than 1, the returned expression will begin at the first character that is specified in expression. In this case, the number of characters that are returned is the largest value of either the sum of start + length- 1 or 0. If start is greater than the number of characters in the value expression, a zero-length expression is returned.lengthIs a positive integer or bigint expression that specifies how many characters of the expression will be returned. If length is negative, an error is generated and the statement is terminated.
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If the sum of start and length is greater than the number of characters in expression, the whole value expression beginning at start is returned. Return TypesReturns character data if expression is one of the supported character data types. Returns binary data if expression is one of the supported binary data types. The returned string is the same type as the specified expression with the exceptions shown in the table.
Specified expressionReturn typechar/ varchar/ textvarcharnchar/ nvarchar/ ntextnvarcharbinary/ varbinary/ imagevarbinaryRemarksThe values for start and length must be specified in number of characters for ntext, char, or varchar data types and bytes for text, image, binary, or varbinary data types.The expression must be varchar(max) or varbinary(max) when the start or length contains a value larger than. Supplementary Characters (Surrogate Pairs)When using supplementary character (SC) collations, both start and length count each surrogate pair in expression as a single character. For more information, see. Using SUBSTRING with a character stringThe following example shows how to return only a part of a character string. From the sys.databases table, this query returns the system database names in the first column, the first letter of the database in the second column, and the third and fourth characters in the final column. SELECT name, SUBSTRING(name, 1, 1) AS Initial,SUBSTRING(name, 3, 2) AS ThirdAndFourthCharactersFROM sys.databasesWHERE databaseid.